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XF-6SKS309-1
Research / Academic Paper ACTIVE

Upper echelons: the organization as a reflection of its top managers

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Abstract

Theorists in various fields have discussed characteristics of top managers. This paper attempts to synthesize these previously fragmented literatures around a more general “upper echelons perspective.” The theory states that organizational outcomes—strategic choices and performance levels—are partially predicted by managerial background characteristics. Propositions and methodological suggestions are included.

Source: resolved

Document Metadata

Issuer
Academy of Management
Document Type
Research / Academic Paper
Publication Year
1984
Retrieved
5 May 2026
Source
doi.org
Record ID
XF6SKS3091
Validation
Inferred by XFID

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SHA-256 (file bytes)
e3dad25d3e13ee5fb9460fb4eb8551158e9d2a4135c846bc5cb71a45498830c2
SHA-256 (canonical content)
e3dad25d3e13ee5fb9460fb4eb8551158e9d2a4135c846bc5cb71a45498830c2

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Topics

Agency TheoryCorporate Governance

Cited by (1)

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Academy of Management (1984). Upper echelons: the organization as a reflection of its top managers. XFID: XF-6SKS309-1. Retrieved from https://xframework.id/XF6SKS3091
Identifier only
XF-6SKS309-1